History

The Order of the Cross of Grunwald was established in 1943 by the Gwardia Ludowa ("People's Guard"), the Soviet-sponsored organisation founded by the Polish Worker's Party. It was confirmed by the State National Council in 1944 but was officially discontinued in 1992 following the collapse of the communist regime. It is named in honour of the great 1410 battle of the same name.

The Order was originally conferred upon Polish or foreign military personnel in recognition of meritorious combat service against Nazi forces during the Second World War. The I Class Cross was conferred upon high-ranking military personnel for successful military operations and for organising resistance forces, the II Class Cross was conferred upon military personnel for meritorious command, and the III Class Cross was conferred upon military personnel for acts of valour in combat and meritorious contributions to resistance activities. It continued to be awarded in the Polish People's Republic in recognition of meritorious military service and outstanding contributions to the Polish Armed Forces.

The II Class Cross features initials that stand for "Krzyza Grünwaldu" (Grunwald Cross). There may be additional versions that vary in size.